Aerodynamics Of Insects
 |
| Title of the Project: |
A web enabled application for rapid estimation of the aerodynamic parameters of fliers. |
| Sponsor of the Project: |
In-house project |
| Objective of the Project: |
The data generated from the study throw light on the flight range, swarming behavior, vectorial capacity, kinetic energy in relation to wing beat frequency etc. |
| Description of the Project: |
Information on the aerodynamic parameters of different fliers will play a vital role in understanding the flight adaptation. |
| Deliverables of the Project - The Solution: |
A user friendly, web-enabled software (WEBAER 1.1) was developed to estimate more than 30 aerodynamic parameters of a given flier. |
| Salient features of the Project: |
- Power requirements like lift and drag can also be calculated.
- The program has provision to calculate wing beat frequency theoretically by using mass flow theory.
|
| Future Spin offs of the Project: |
The study would lead to analysis of certain harmonics of the flight sound have specific response on opposite sex which may help in vector control programs. |
Aerodynamic Parameters of different mosquitoe species
| Aedes egyptii |
Static , Dynamic , Dynamic induces air , Aerodynamic |
| Culex quinquefascitus |
Static , Dynamic , Dynamic induces air , Aerodynamic |
| Anopheles stephensi |
Static , Dynamic , Dynamic induces air , Aerodynamic |
| Static Parameters |
Male |
Female |
| Body Mass X 10-3 (g) |
0.89 ± 0.181 |
2.23 ± 0.48 |
| Wing Length (cm) |
0.25 ± 0.015 |
0.33 ± 0.023 |
| Wing Span (cm) |
0.65 ± 0.034 |
0.78 ± 0.052 |
| Wing Area (cm2 ) |
0.01 ± 0.0013 |
0.02 ± 0.0023 |
| Effective wing Breadth (cm) |
0.04 ± 0.0056 |
0.06 ± 0.0069 |
| Length of the flier (cm) |
0.4 ± 0.021 |
0.47 ± 0.030 |
| Breadth of the flier (cm) |
0.15 ± 0.011 |
0.13 ± 0.022 |
| Wing Mass x 10-3 (g) |
0.00850 ± 0.0007 |
0.00890 ± 0.0007 |
| Disc area(cm2) |
0.048 ± 0.006 |
0.086 ± 0.0116 |
| Wing swept area (cm2) |
0.063 ± 0.008 |
0.114 ± 0.0155 |
| Wing swept volume x 10-3 (cm3) |
2.6 ± 0.4 |
7.1 ± 1.11 |
| Fineness ratio |
2.6 ± 0.237 |
3.86 ± 0.676 |
| Arc length (cm) |
2.6 ± 0.016 |
0.34 ± 0.024 |
| Total Wing area (cm2) |
0.02 ± 30.001 |
0.04 ± 0.0041 |
| Dynamic Parameters of Aedes aegyptii |
| Dynamic Parameters |
Male |
Female |
| Moment of inertia x 10-6(gcm2) |
0.162 ± 0.016 |
0.305 ± 0.042 |
| Angular velocity (rad/sec) |
2093 ± 232 |
1866 ± 144 |
| Angular acceleration x (103 rad/sec2) |
8470 ± 1961 |
6688 ± 1001 |
| Angular momentum x (10-3 rad/sec2) |
0.34 ± 0.056 |
0.57 ± 0.094 |
| Kinetic energy |
0.36 ± 0.101 |
0.54 ± 0.115 |
| Dynamic Parameters of induced air Aedes aegyptii |
| Dynamic Parameters of induces air |
Male |
Female |
| Rate of mass flow x 10 (g/sec) |
0.89 ± 0.17 |
2.2 ± 0.36 |
| Mass (x 10-5 g) |
2.8 ± 0.4 |
7.8 ± 1.2 |
| Acceleration (cm/sec2) |
50601 ± 9997 |
52791 ± 6665 |
| Velocity (cm/sec) |
78.9 ± 8.04 |
93.0 ± 8.52 |
| Kinetic energy (x 10-1erg) |
0.9 ± 0.003 |
3.5 ± 0.009 |
| Momentum (x 10-3gcm/sec) |
0.223 ± 0.049 |
0.733 ± 0.149
|
| Aerodynamic Parameters of Aedes aegyptii |
| Aerodynamic Parameters |
Male |
Female
|
Aspect Ratio
|
6.20 ± 1.11
|
5.33 ± 0.72
|
Wind loading (g/cm2)
|
0.089 ± 0.012
|
0.108 ± 0.018
|
Disc loading (g/cm2)
|
0.019 ± 0.0037
|
0.026 ± 0.0048
|
Mw/Mf
|
0.01 ± 0.002
|
0.004 ± 0.001
|
Frequency of wing beat (H2)
|
636 ± 71
|
567 ± 43
|
| Static Parameters of Culex quinquefascitus |
| Static Parameters |
Male |
Female |
| Body Mass X 10-3 (g) |
1.14 ± 0.04 |
1.84 ± 0.16 |
| Wing Length (cm) |
0.23 ± 0.37 |
0.38 ± 0.03 |
| Wing Span (cm) |
0.629 ± 0.003 |
0.666 ± 0.00 |
| Wing Area (cm2 ) |
0.022 ± 0.002 |
0.025 ± 0.22 |
| Effective wing Breadth (cm) |
0.078 ± 0.09 |
0.085 ± 0.008 |
| Length of the flier (cm) |
0.36 ± 0.00 |
0.415 ± 0.002 |
| Breadth of the flier (cm) |
0.07 ± 0.003 |
0.1 ± 0.00 |
| Wing Mass x 10-3 (g) |
0.00032 ± 0.0000 |
0.00041 ± 0.0000 |
| Disc area(cm2) |
0.311 ± 0.003 |
0.401 ± 0.06 |
| Wing swept area (cm2) |
0.084 ± 0.00 |
0.084 ± 0.00 |
| Wing swept volume x 10-3 (cm3) |
6.49 ± 0.8 |
7.17 ± 0.72 |
| Fineness ratio |
5.75 ± 0.02 |
4.15 ± 0.15 |
| Arc length (cm) |
0.296 ± 0.00 |
0.296 ± 0.00 |
| Total Wing area (cm2) |
0.044 ± 0.004 |
0.050 ± 0.004 |
| Dynamic Parameters of Culex quinquefascitus |
| Dynamic Parameters |
Male |
Female |
| Moment of inertia x 10-6(gcm2) |
0.8 ± 0.000 |
0.228 ± 0.013 |
| Angular velocity (rad/sec) |
2415 ± 0.33 |
1320 ± 0.44 |
| Angular acceleration x (103 rad/sec2) |
3565 ±0.23 |
1315 ± 0.2 |
| Angular momentum x (10-3 rad/sec2) |
1.932 ± 0.26 |
1.34 ± 0.16 |
| Kinetic energy |
2.33 ± 0.00 |
0.88 ± 0.01 |
| Dynamic Parameters of induced air Culex quinquefascitus |
| Dynamic Parameters of induces air |
Male |
Female |
| Rate of mass flow x 10 (g/sec) |
0.89 ± 0.17 |
2.2 ± 0.36 |
| Mass (x 10-5 g) |
2.8 ± 0.4 |
7.8 ± 1.2 |
| Acceleration (cm/sec2) |
50601 ± 9997 |
52791 ± 6665 |
| Velocity (cm/sec) |
78.9 ± 8.04 |
93.0 ± 8.52 |
| Kinetic energy (x 10-1erg) |
0.9 ± 0.003 |
3.5 ± 0.009 |
| Momentum (x 10-3gcm/sec) |
0.223 ± 0.049 |
0.733 ± 0.149 |
| Aerodynamic Parameters of Culex quinquefascitus |
| Aerodynamic Parameters |
Male |
Female |
| Aspect Ratio |
3.7 ± 0.48 |
3.31 ± 0.35 |
| Wind loading (g/cm2) |
0.054 ± 0.009 |
0.075 ± 0.001 |
| Disc loading (g/cm2) |
0.003 ± 0.0002 |
0.0053 ± 0.0005 |
| Mw/Mf |
0.023 ± 0.001 |
0.023 ± 0.002 |
| Frequency of wing beat (H2) |
741 ± 43 |
405 ± 11 |
| Static Parameters of Anopheles stephensi |
| Static Parameters |
Male |
Female |
| Body Mass X 10-3 (g) |
1.95 ± 0.18 |
3.02 ± 0.107 |
| Wing Length (cm) |
0.29 ± 0.013 |
0.39 ± 0.021 |
| Wing Span (cm) |
0.70 ± 0.029 |
0.89 ± 0.051 |
| Wing Area (cm2 ) |
0.02 ± 0.0009 |
0.027 ± 0.0026 |
| Effective wing Breadth (cm) |
0.071 ± 0.0029 |
0.068 ± 0.005 |
| Length of the flier (cm) |
0.57 ± 0.058 |
0.46 ± 0.052 |
| Breadth of the flier (cm) |
0.12 ± 0.0158 |
0.096 ± 0.010 |
| Wing Mass x 10-3 (g) |
0.03 ± 0.0096 |
0.04 ± 0.009 |
| Disc area(cm2) |
0.38 ± 0.034 |
0.631 ± 0.068 |
| Wing swept area (cm2) |
0.088 ± 0.008 |
0.167 ± 0.018 |
| Wing swept volume x 10-3 (cm3) |
6.29 ± 0.517 |
11.51 ± 1.582 |
| Fineness ratio |
4.36 ± 0.498 |
4.99 ± 0.809 |
| Arc length (cm) |
0.30 ± 0.013 |
0.419 ± 0.0225 |
| Total Wing area (cm2) |
0.04 ± 0.0008 |
0.051 ± 0.0009 |
| Dynamic Parameters of Anopheles stephensi |
| Dynamic Parameters |
Male |
Female |
| Moment of inertia x 10-6(gcm2) |
00902 ± 0.326 |
1.977 ± 0.203 |
| Angular velocity (rad/sec) |
1821 ± 171 |
1689 ± 218 |
| Angular acceleration x (103 rad/sec2) |
6394 ± 123 |
5539 ± 143 |
| Angular momentum x (10-3 rad/sec2) |
1.625 ± 0.0593 |
3.34 ± 0.0558 |
| Kinetic energy |
1.50 ± 0.612 |
2.86 ± 0.80 |
| Dynamic Parameters of induced air Anopheles stephensi |
| Dynamic Parameters of induces air |
Male |
Female |
| Rate of mass flow x 10 (g/sec) |
1.85 ± 0.18 |
3.64 ± 0.685 |
| Mass (x 10-5 g) |
0.688 ± 0.058 |
1.266 ± 0.173 |
| Acceleration (cm/sec2) |
53624 ± 4902 |
46580 ± 8142 |
| Velocity (cm/sec) |
98.87 ± 2.8 |
90.3 ± 5.08 |
| Kinetic energy (x 10-1erg) |
3.36 ± 0.23 |
5.10 ± 0.45 |
| Momentum (x 10-3gcm/sec) |
0.678 ± 0.053 |
1.1 ± 0.13 |
| Aerodynamic Parameters of Anopheles stephensi |
| Aerodynamic Parameters |
Male |
Female |
| Aspect Ratio |
4.1 ± 0.30 |
5.84 ± 0.50 |
| Wind loading (g/cm2) |
0.093 ± 0.009 |
0.052 ± 0.011 |
| Disc loading (g/cm2) |
0.005 ± 0.0005 |
0.0046 ± 0.0002 |
| Mw/Mf |
0.016 ± 0.0033 |
0.026 ± 0.001 |
| Frequency of wing beat (H2) |
520 ± 65 |
475 ± 30 |